Sustainable Way of Living
By Yoshimasa Sakurai (1938-2024)
The latest site report
Self-introduction
1938 Born in Kobe
1961 Graduated from the Dept. of Architecture in the Faculty of Engineering, Kobe Univ.
1962 Graduated from the Special Course of the above Dept.
1964 Graduated from the Master’s Course of Architectural Engineering in the Graduate School, Kyoto Univ.
1964 Teaching and Research Assistant at the Dept of Architecture in the Faculty of Engineering, Kobe Univ.
1970 Lecturer at the Dept. of Architecture in the Faculty of Engineering, Kansai Univ.
1976 An Associate Professor for Kansai Univ.
1983 Doctor of Engineering from Kyoto Univ.
1990 Prize of the Architectural Institute of Japan
1998 Resigned from Kansai Univ.
1998 Practical research for sustainable living at the Experimental House in Kaiwaka, New Zealand
2024 Passed away at his land in Kaiwaka, aged 86
Contents
Chapter 1 Seeking for a sustainable way of living -Current progress of the project-
Preface
Introduction
Motive to commence the project
Experimental project at Kaiwaka (KW)
(1)Energy from nature
1-1-3) Solar energy collection by solar panels
1-1-4) Fire wood growth (coppicing) and its carbonisation
1-1-5) Windmills
1-1-6) Ground heat use
1-1-7) Plans for the near future, experiments, and challenges
(2) House construction with local nature-friendly materials
Recent harvest of crops
About cooking and dishes
Summary of this chapter
Introduction
Motive to commence the project
Experimental project at Kaiwaka (KW)
(1)Energy from nature
1-1) Individual item for house planning
1-1-1) Bio-gasification using the Ozeki septic tank
1-1-2) Direct solar energy collection
1-1-1) Bio-gasification using the Ozeki septic tank
A) Bio gasification process
B) Requirements for bio gasification of large amounts of organic waste
C) Production of bio gas
D) Sludge, pathogenic fungi and parasites
E) Seeding and fermenting for daily standard use
F) Small capacity septic tank for family discharge and refuse
G) Other aspects to be considered
SummaryB) Requirements for bio gasification of large amounts of organic waste
C) Production of bio gas
D) Sludge, pathogenic fungi and parasites
E) Seeding and fermenting for daily standard use
F) Small capacity septic tank for family discharge and refuse
G) Other aspects to be considered
1-1-2) Direct solar energy collection
i) Solar energy collection by a two dimensional reflector
ii) Solar energy collection from sky radiation
iii) Solar energy collection using porous materials
Summary of this sectionii) Solar energy collection from sky radiation
iii) Solar energy collection using porous materials
1-1-3) Solar energy collection by solar panels
1-1-4) Fire wood growth (coppicing) and its carbonisation
1-1-5) Windmills
1-1-6) Ground heat use
1-1-7) Plans for the near future, experiments, and challenges
Cooking range
Upgrading of the windmills
Electricity generation by a Sterling engine
Electrical generation by a bimetal deformation
Heating system with solar energy gained from the solar room
A sleeping chamber in the basement
Heating with solar energy absorption by porous materials
Electrical generation with the temperature difference in the house
Outside bath heated by burning Kikuyu
Resume of the section
1-2) House designing and planningUpgrading of the windmills
Electricity generation by a Sterling engine
Electrical generation by a bimetal deformation
Heating system with solar energy gained from the solar room
A sleeping chamber in the basement
Heating with solar energy absorption by porous materials
Electrical generation with the temperature difference in the house
Outside bath heated by burning Kikuyu
Resume of the section
2-1) Thatched roof
2-1-1) Thatching process
2-1-2) Maintenance of the thatched roof
2-1-3) Thatched houses in the world
2-2）Rain water for daily household use
2-3) Cobbed walls
(3) Cleansing of exhausts and drained water from daily activity.2-1-1) Thatching process
2-1-2) Maintenance of the thatched roof
2-1-3) Thatched houses in the world
2-2）Rain water for daily household use
2-3) Cobbed walls
3-1) Bio gasification of organic wastes
3-2) Cleansing of drained water and carbon dioxide in the green house
(4) Self-sufficiency based on organic farming3-2) Cleansing of drained water and carbon dioxide in the green house
Recent harvest of crops
About cooking and dishes
Summary of this chapter
Chapter 2 Aiming for a sustainable life
(1) For the start toward a sustainable life
(4) Co-existence with other areas (What a city stands for? How about a country?)
(5) A bridge to the next generation
(6) Some items left for later
Resume of this chapter
1-1) Developing the solar energy use
1-2) Vernacular attitude for a house planning
1-3) No harm to the environment cleansing at the source
1-4) Self-sufficiency based on organic farming
1-4-1) About cooking
1-4-2) Episodes at rice growing
1-4-3) Resume of the section
(2) House planning aiming the sustainable way of living1-2) Vernacular attitude for a house planning
1-3) No harm to the environment cleansing at the source
1-4) Self-sufficiency based on organic farming
1-4-1) About cooking
1-4-2) Episodes at rice growing
1-4-3) Resume of the section
2-1) Planning of a sustainable way of living
2-2) Planning indoor climate
2-3) Synthesized evaluations of an indoor climate and a living circumstance
2-3-1) Synthesized evaluation of an indoor climate
2-3-2) Synthesized estimation of a living environment
2-4) Planning of the thermal environment
2-4-1) Calculation of a thermal condition calculation
2-4-2) Simulation at the Experimental House for thermal conditions
2-5) Resume of the section
(3) Utopia Village Scheme (Togen-kyo Scheme)2-2) Planning indoor climate
2-3) Synthesized evaluations of an indoor climate and a living circumstance
2-3-1) Synthesized evaluation of an indoor climate
2-3-2) Synthesized estimation of a living environment
2-4) Planning of the thermal environment
2-4-1) Calculation of a thermal condition calculation
2-4-2) Simulation at the Experimental House for thermal conditions
2-5) Resume of the section
(4) Co-existence with other areas (What a city stands for? How about a country?)
(5) A bridge to the next generation
(6) Some items left for later
Resume of this chapter
Chapter 3 Joyful life
Introduction
(1) Green country New Zealand
(2) Memories at the construction site
(3) Joyful life
(1) Green country New Zealand
(2) Memories at the construction site
(3) Joyful life
3-1) Pleasure of making something with off-cuts
3-2) Pleasure to create with things around
3-3) Pleasure of seasonal changes
3-4) Memories of music gathering at the hand made amphitheatre
3-2) Pleasure to create with things around
3-3) Pleasure of seasonal changes
3-4) Memories of music gathering at the hand made amphitheatre
First music gathering on March 20, 1996
Second music gathering on March 25, 2000
Third music gathering on March 24, 2001
Fourth music gathering on March 30, 2002
Fifth music gathering on March 15, 2003
Sixth music gathering on March 20, 2004
Seventh music gathering on March 19, 2005
Eighth music gathering on March 18, 2006
Ninth music gathering on March 17, Sat, 2007
Tenth music gathering on March 8th, Sat, 2008
Second music gathering on March 25, 2000
Third music gathering on March 24, 2001
Fourth music gathering on March 30, 2002
Fifth music gathering on March 15, 2003
Sixth music gathering on March 20, 2004
Seventh music gathering on March 19, 2005
Eighth music gathering on March 18, 2006
Ninth music gathering on March 17, Sat, 2007
Tenth music gathering on March 8th, Sat, 2008
Chapter 4 Soliloquy of an earthly man
Introduction
Humble and modest life
Joyful life
Searching for new science
Creation
Man and woman
East and West
Spiritual development
Individualism
Low hierarchy
Next plane or world
Existence of god
World after death
Resume
Humble and modest life
Joyful life
Searching for new science
Creation
Man and woman
East and West
Spiritual development
Individualism
Low hierarchy
Next plane or world
Existence of god
World after death
Resume
Chapter 5 How technology and science can support a sustainable way of living
Introduction
Architectural Environmental Planning
An idea to find the relationship between the steady state combined rating and combined rating for a changing environment
Summary
Architectural Environmental Planning
A) Flow chart for sustainable planning
B) Physical field calculation for three architectural environmental factors in their simulated specific scales
B-1) Noise level in Leq(A)
B-1-1) Decrease by distance
B-1-2) Decrease by diffraction
B-1-3) Transmission loss at wall
B-1-4) Sound field in an enclosure
B-1-5) General steps for noise control
B-1-6-1) A weighting for the loudness of a noise
B-1-6-2) Evaluation of fluctuating noises with Leq (A)
B-2) Thermal conditions in SET*
B-2-1) Thermal equation
B-2-2) Finite difference equation for thermal transfer
B-2-3) Equation of heat balance
B-2-4) Equation of air movement (Bernoulli’ formula)
B-2-5) Linking two equations
B-2-6) Comparison of measured and calculated temperature changes
B-3) Light environment in lux
B-3-1) Integral equation for indirect illuminance
B-3-2) Equivalent reflectance method
C) Theory of the Quantification II by Hayashi
D) Combined rating of indoor environments
E) Combined rating of a living environment
F) Theory of quantification I by Hayashi
F-1) A few applications of the theory of quantification I
F-2) Prediction of motor vehicle noise propagation
F-3) The effect of environmental factors on the performance of one figure addition
G) Suggested applications of the theories of quantification I and II
G-1) Applications of the theory of quantification I
(a) Air convection, (b) Fruit growing, (c) Veggie growing, (d) Crops growing
G-2) Applications of the theory of quantification II
(a) Causes of cancer
H) Evaluation for fluctuating environmental factors
H-1) Sound
H-1-1) Impulse response of our hearing system R (t)
H-1-2) Absolutizing in our hearing system
H-1-3) Loudness processing of sound
H-2) Thermal sensations
H-3) Impulse response for brightness
H-4) Summaries of impulse responses for three sensory systems
Some additional comments on specific and combined ratingB) Physical field calculation for three architectural environmental factors in their simulated specific scales
B-1) Noise level in Leq(A)
B-1-1) Decrease by distance
B-1-2) Decrease by diffraction
B-1-3) Transmission loss at wall
B-1-4) Sound field in an enclosure
B-1-5) General steps for noise control
B-1-6-1) A weighting for the loudness of a noise
B-1-6-2) Evaluation of fluctuating noises with Leq (A)
B-2) Thermal conditions in SET*
B-2-1) Thermal equation
B-2-2) Finite difference equation for thermal transfer
B-2-3) Equation of heat balance
B-2-4) Equation of air movement (Bernoulli’ formula)
B-2-5) Linking two equations
B-2-6) Comparison of measured and calculated temperature changes
B-3) Light environment in lux
B-3-1) Integral equation for indirect illuminance
B-3-2) Equivalent reflectance method
C) Theory of the Quantification II by Hayashi
D) Combined rating of indoor environments
E) Combined rating of a living environment
F) Theory of quantification I by Hayashi
F-1) A few applications of the theory of quantification I
F-2) Prediction of motor vehicle noise propagation
F-3) The effect of environmental factors on the performance of one figure addition
G) Suggested applications of the theories of quantification I and II
G-1) Applications of the theory of quantification I
(a) Air convection, (b) Fruit growing, (c) Veggie growing, (d) Crops growing
G-2) Applications of the theory of quantification II
(a) Causes of cancer
H) Evaluation for fluctuating environmental factors
H-1) Sound
H-1-1) Impulse response of our hearing system R (t)
H-1-2) Absolutizing in our hearing system
H-1-3) Loudness processing of sound
H-2) Thermal sensations
H-3) Impulse response for brightness
H-4) Summaries of impulse responses for three sensory systems
An idea to find the relationship between the steady state combined rating and combined rating for a changing environment
Summary
The latest site report (PDF)
The above paper was published in April 2014 on the Journal of Temporal Design in Architecture and Environment whose website is http:www.jtdweb.org
（I）Sound field calculation
（１－１）Reflection from a rigid plane panel in the frequency domain
（１－２）Reflection from a rigid plane panel and a curved rigid panel in the time domain
（１－３）Reflection from a panel with a reflection coefficient
（１－４）Mutual reflection between panels
（１－５）Early reflections in a scale model auditorium
（１－６）Reflection coefficient from auditorium seats and a few other ones
（１－７）Asymptotic expansion of the Rubinowizc line integral and a half amplitude method
（１－８）Diffraction over a semi-infinite thick barrier
（１－９）Diffraction around a rectangular body
（１－１０）Diffraction of barriers with a variety of top shape
（１－１１）Diffraction of barriers with different arrangements
（１－１２）Acoustics of an amphitheatre
（１－２）Reflection from a rigid plane panel and a curved rigid panel in the time domain
（１－３）Reflection from a panel with a reflection coefficient
（１－４）Mutual reflection between panels
（１－５）Early reflections in a scale model auditorium
（１－６）Reflection coefficient from auditorium seats and a few other ones
（１－７）Asymptotic expansion of the Rubinowizc line integral and a half amplitude method
（１－８）Diffraction over a semi-infinite thick barrier
（１－９）Diffraction around a rectangular body
（１－１０）Diffraction of barriers with a variety of top shape
（１－１１）Diffraction of barriers with different arrangements
（１－１２）Acoustics of an amphitheatre
（II） Response of our hearing system
（III）Acoustic evaluation of an auditorium
（V）Transient responses of other sensory systems
（VI）Fusion of sight and audition
（VII）Physiological responses to a rectangular pulse of 0.05ms
（２－１）Transient response of our hearing system and its binaural hearing
（２－２）Time window and the loudness of an impact sound
（２－３）Temporal aspect at hearing of 0.05ms rectangular pulse
（２－２）Time window and the loudness of an impact sound
（２－３）Temporal aspect at hearing of 0.05ms rectangular pulse
（III）Acoustic evaluation of an auditorium
（３－１）Acoustical evaluation of an auditorium
（４－１）Synthesized evaluation of an indoor climate
（４－２）Synthesized evaluation of a living environment and the proposal of a joint tunnel
（４－３）Air craft noise and acceleration under high noise exposure
（４－１）Synthesized evaluation of an indoor climate
（４－２）Synthesized evaluation of a living environment and the proposal of a joint tunnel
（４－３）Air craft noise and acceleration under high noise exposure
（V）Transient responses of other sensory systems
（VI）Fusion of sight and audition
（VII）Physiological responses to a rectangular pulse of 0.05ms
Appendix: Remaining subjects for Acoustics
Chapter 7 Appendix (Japanese)
(1) Temperature change in cow dung
(2) Ozeki septic tank for dimensions, seeding and conditioning
(3) Synthesized evaluation of indoor climate
(4) Synthesized evaluation of a living environment
(5) Future plan of Kyoto city for the 21st century
(6) Is our university just a school or a university? – From my experiences
(7) Wrong English education in Japan
(8) Records of rice growing at Kaiwaka – Including perennial growth
(9) A few published articles on this project
Videotape “Welcome to the Experimental House” with Yoshi’s guide.
(Not yet made)
Acknowledgement
The author expresses his sincere appreciation to co-workers for their help. and to Ms Helen Black in Sydney, Miss Sally Smith in Silverdale, NZ, Mr. Don Slater in Kaiwaka, NZ and Miss Ayako Otawa in Shizuoka, Japan for their checking my English. It also goes to Mr. Takayuki Ebihara in Auckland for his help of uploading this homepage